user_mobilelogo
Facebook
Dienstag, 13 September 2016 13:42

5 Foto-Formeln auf dem Prüfstand

5 Foto-Formeln auf dem Prüfstand

"Sonne lacht, Blende 8!" hat sicherlich jeder schon mal gehört. Fakt ist aber, die meisten dieser und ähnlicher Regeln stammen aus einer Zeit, in der Kameras noch nicht automatisch belichten konnten und man noch einen Film einlegen musste. Es stellt sich also die Frage: wie sehr sollte man sich daran halten? Macht das noch Sinn?

 

 

 

Regel 1 - Der Klassiker: Sonne lacht, Blende 8!

Das kennt jeder, der schon mal eine Kamera in der Hand hatte. Dummerweise beißt sich das mit diversen anderen Weisheiten, angefangen von: „Für Mensch und Tier nimm Blende vier.“, "Blende auf drei – der Hintergrund ist Brei." bis hin zu "Ist selbst Blende 2 zu knapp, nimm einfach den Deckel ab."

Anwendbar: Jein! Diese Regel beschreibt einen Sachverhalt, der so dermaßen allgemein ist, dass man kaum sagen kann, ob es Sinn macht sie zu befolgen. Grundsätzlich ist an sonnigen Tagen nichts zu sagen gegen Blende 8. Man schränkt sich aber kreativ sehr ein, wenn man sich stoisch daran hält. Während Landschaftsfotos meist noch gut gelingen sollten, stößt man bei Bildern mit Portraitcharakter unter Umständen schnell ans gestalterische Limit. Beispielsweise hält sich der Freistellungseffekt mit Blende 8 stark in Grenzen (bis hin zu ist nicht existent), wenn nicht gerade ein riesiger Abstand zwischen Model und Hintergrund besteht.

 

Regel 2 - Sunny Sixteen: Belichtungszeit = 1 / ISO bei Blende f/16

Oder in Worten: an einem sonnigen Tag, stell die Blende auf f/16 und belichte so lange wie der Kehrwert der eingestellten ISO Empfindlichkeit (also z.B. 1/400 s bei ISO400). Erscheint diese Regel auf den ersten Blick ähnlich allgemein wie die erste, so existieren hier immerhin noch diverse Verfeinerungen (f/22 bei Schnee/Sand, f/11 für leichte Bewölkung, f/8 für normale Bewölkung, f/5.6 für starke Bewölkung, f/4 für Sonnenauf-/untergänge).

Anwendbarkeit: Nein. Diese Regel stammt aus einer Zeit, in der der ISO Wert durch den eingelegten Film fest vorgegeben war .Heute kann man wesentlich flexibler auf die herrschenden Lichtverhältnisse reagieren. Außerdem liegt f/16 bei vielen Objektiven bereits hinter dem sog. "sweet spot" (die Blende, mit der das Objektiv die schärfsten Resultate erzielt). Das heißt, die stark geschlossene Blende verursacht bereits wieder Beugungsunschärfen und somit generell unschärfere Bilder als eigentlich möglich. Nicht zuletzt schränkt man sich hier ähnlich stark kreativ ein wie bei Regel 1.

 

Regel 3 - Looney Eleven: Belichtungszeit = 1 / ISO bei Blende f/11

Diese Regel ist das Äquivalent zu Regel 2, nur das Szenario ist ein anderes, nämlich die Mondfotografie. Auch diese Regel ist sehr allgemein, was aber nicht ganz so schlimm ist, denn die Situation ist auch deutlich eingeschränkter. Wenn man den Mond fotografiert, hat man fast immer viel schwarz und einen helleren Punkt im Bild (es sei denn man trickst mit den Double Exposure Features von modernen Kameras). Wenn man nicht gerade ein Teleskop zur Verfügung hat, ist dieser helle Punkt auch nie übermäßig groß. 

Anwendbarkeit: Ja! Diese Regel wird zwar nicht unbedingt beim ersten Versuch ein korrekt belichtetes Bild hervorbringen, bietet aber einen ausgezeichneten Startpunkt für Belichtungsanpassungen. Man liegt selten komplett daneben. Praxis-Pro-Tipp am Rande: Displayhelligkeit so gering wie möglich einstellen, während man den Mond fotografiert. Die Augen haben sich irgendwann an die Dunkelheit gewöhnt und es besteht die Gefahr, dass man mit einem zu hell eingestellten Display alles als Überbelichtung interpretiert. Aber am besten sowieso immer in RAW fotografieren, da kann man dann hinterher noch fast alles regeln. 

 

Regel 4 - Belichtungszeit bei "Mitziehern": 1 / Geschwindigkeit des Subjekts in km/h

Sogenannte Mitzieher sind Fotos, bei denen die Kamera während der Belichtung einem sich bewegenden Subjekt folgt. Mit etwas Übung bleibt so das Subjekt scharf, aber der Hintergrund verwischt. Auf diese Art und Weise entstandene Bilder vermitteln gut den Eindruck von Bewegung, Dynamik und Geschwindigkeit. Es stellt sich in diesem Fall aber die Frage: wie lange muss man für einen Möglichst guten Effekt belichten? Eine zu kurze Belichtung reicht nicht aus um das gewünschte Gefühl zu vermitteln. Eine zu lange Belichtung kann die Umgebung des Subjektes komplett unkenntlich machen und führt sehr wahrscheinlich auch beim Subjekt selbst zu einer verwackelten Darstellung. Eine Antwort gibt diese Mitzieher-Regel. Beispielhaft: Fotografiere den Rennradfahrer, der mit 40km/h fährt 1/40 Sekunde lang und den Sportwagen auf der Rennstrecke, der mit 250 Sachen an dir vorbeirauscht, mit 1/250 Sekunde.

Anwendbarkeit: Jein! Natürlich kommt es auch auf die Brennweite und den Abstand zum Motiv an, aber sobald das Subjekt das Bild einigermaßen gut ausfüllt, kann man sagen: diese Regel produziert brauchbare Ergebnisse. Beispielhaft zeigt das folgende Bild ein Foto, das ich mal auf einer Hochzeit geschossen habe. Die Belichtungszeit war 1/40 Sekunde und wir waren vielleicht etwas schneller unterwegs, maximal aber 50 km/h.

 

Regel 5 - Maximale Belichtungszeit bei Astrofotografie (die "600er Regel"): 600 / (Brennweite * Cropfaktor)

Diese Regel läuft einem auch häufiger als 500er Regel über den Weg, was aber deren Inhalt nicht extreeem verfälscht. Möchte man den Sternenhimmel fotografieren, "verwischen" die einzelnen Sterne aufgrund der Erdrotation während einer Langzeitbelichtung. Die verwendete Brennweite hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss darauf, wie schnell das passiert (übrigens auch die Auflösung des Kamera Sensors, aber wir wollen es an dieser Stelle nicht unnötig kompliziert machen). Möchte man diesen Verwischungseffekt nicht haben, sollte man nicht länger belichten, als diese Regel vorgibt. Beispiel 24mm Objektiv an einer APS-C Kamera: 600 / (24*1,6) = 15,6 Sekunden. Belichtet man länger, ziehen die Sterne Spuren im Bild (was manchmal natürlich aber auch erwünscht sein kann). 

Anwendbarkeit: Ja! Das kommt in etwa hin. Wenn man nicht gerade mit einer 150 MP Kamera Bilder macht, die hinterher auf Hauswände tapeziert werden sollen, funktioniert diese Regel ziemlich gut. Das folgende Bild zeigt ein zugegebenermaßen etwas extremeres Beispiel. Verwendet wurde ein 8mm Fisheye an der Canon EOS 7D. Das heißt: 600 / (8 * 1,6) = max. 46,8 Sekunden. Das Bild wurde aber "nur" 30 Sekunden belichtet. Es hätte also noch etwas zeitlichen Puffer gegeben. Dafür gibt's aber auch absolut keine Anzeichen von Verwischungen.

 

Fazit:

Nicht alle Weisheiten aus analogen Tagen machen heute noch Sinn, aber erstaunlich viele. Gerade die Mitzieher- und die 600er Regel haben durch den technischen Fortschritt nichts an Gültigkeit eingebüßt und es kann sich lohnen, sie im Hinterkopf zu behalten.

P.S.: Widersprüche oder Ergänzungen gerne in die Kommentare!

 

 


Dir gefällt was du siehst? Dann zwitschere uns weiter oder like uns auf Facebook

19734 Kommentare

  • Kommentar-Link WilbertNep Sonntag, 06 April 2025 10:36 gepostet von WilbertNep

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will meet US President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris in Washington on Thursday. Leon Neal/Getty Images
    CNN

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s visit to the White House on Thursday could be his final chance to convince a receptive American president of his country’s war aims.
    ћега зеркало
    The precise details of the “victory plan” Zelensky plans to present in separate meetings to President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris are unknown, having been closely held until they are presented to the American leaders.

    But according to people briefed on its broad contours, the plan reflects the Ukrainian leader’s urgent appeals for more immediate help countering Russia’s invasion. Zelensky is also poised to push for long-term security guarantees that could withstand changes in American leadership ahead of what is widely expected to be a close presidential election between Harris and former President Donald Trump.

    The plan, people familiar with it said, acts as Zelensky’s response to growing war weariness even among his staunchest of western allies. It will make the case that Ukraine can still win — and does not need to cede Russian-seized territory for the fighting to end — if enough assistance is rushed in.

    That includes again asking permission to fire Western provided long-range weapons deeper into Russian territory, a line Biden once was loathe to cross but which he’s recently appeared more open to as he has come under growing pressure to relent.

    Even if Biden decides to allow the long-range fires, it’s unclear whether the change in policy would be announced publicly.

    Biden is usually apt to take his time making decisions about providing Ukraine new capabilities. But with November’s election potentially portending a major change in American approach to the war if Trump were to win, Ukrainian officials — and many American ones — believe there is little time to waste.
    megaweb5.at
    https://mega555kf7lsmb54yd6etzginolhxxi4ytdoma2rf77ngq55fhfcnyida.com
    Trump has claimed he will be able to “settle” the war upon taking office and has suggested he’ll end US support for Kyiv’s war effort.

    “Those cities are gone, they’re gone, and we continue to give billions of dollars to a man who refused to make a deal, Zelensky. There was no deal that he could have made that wouldn’t have been better than the situation you have right now. You have a country that has been obliterated, not possible to be rebuilt,” Trump said during a campaign speech in Mint Hill, North Carolina, on Wednesday.

    Comments like those have lent new weight to Thursday’s Oval Office talks, according to American and European officials, who have described an imperative to surge assistance to Ukraine while Biden is still in office.

    As part of Zelensky’s visit, the US is expected to announce a major new security package, thought it will likely delay the shipping of the equipment due to inventory shortages, CNN previously reported according to two US officials. On Wednesday, the US announced a package of $375 million.

    The president previewed Zelensky’s visit to the White House a day beforehand, declaring on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly his administration was “determined to ensure that Ukraine has what it needs to prevail in fight for survival.”
    mega web
    “Tomorrow, I will announce a series of actions to accelerate support for Ukraine’s military – but we know Ukraine’s future victory is about more than what happens on the battlefield, it’s also about what Ukrainians do make the most of a free and independent future, which so many have sacrificed so much for,” he said.

  • Kommentar-Link DannyAlmof Sonntag, 06 April 2025 10:34 gepostet von DannyAlmof

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will meet US President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris in Washington on Thursday. Leon Neal/Getty Images
    CNN

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s visit to the White House on Thursday could be his final chance to convince a receptive American president of his country’s war aims.
    megaweb16.com
    The precise details of the “victory plan” Zelensky plans to present in separate meetings to President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris are unknown, having been closely held until they are presented to the American leaders.

    But according to people briefed on its broad contours, the plan reflects the Ukrainian leader’s urgent appeals for more immediate help countering Russia’s invasion. Zelensky is also poised to push for long-term security guarantees that could withstand changes in American leadership ahead of what is widely expected to be a close presidential election between Harris and former President Donald Trump.

    The plan, people familiar with it said, acts as Zelensky’s response to growing war weariness even among his staunchest of western allies. It will make the case that Ukraine can still win — and does not need to cede Russian-seized territory for the fighting to end — if enough assistance is rushed in.

    That includes again asking permission to fire Western provided long-range weapons deeper into Russian territory, a line Biden once was loathe to cross but which he’s recently appeared more open to as he has come under growing pressure to relent.

    Even if Biden decides to allow the long-range fires, it’s unclear whether the change in policy would be announced publicly.

    Biden is usually apt to take his time making decisions about providing Ukraine new capabilities. But with November’s election potentially portending a major change in American approach to the war if Trump were to win, Ukrainian officials — and many American ones — believe there is little time to waste.
    megaweb17.com
    https://megaweb-5at.com
    Trump has claimed he will be able to “settle” the war upon taking office and has suggested he’ll end US support for Kyiv’s war effort.

    “Those cities are gone, they’re gone, and we continue to give billions of dollars to a man who refused to make a deal, Zelensky. There was no deal that he could have made that wouldn’t have been better than the situation you have right now. You have a country that has been obliterated, not possible to be rebuilt,” Trump said during a campaign speech in Mint Hill, North Carolina, on Wednesday.

    Comments like those have lent new weight to Thursday’s Oval Office talks, according to American and European officials, who have described an imperative to surge assistance to Ukraine while Biden is still in office.

    As part of Zelensky’s visit, the US is expected to announce a major new security package, thought it will likely delay the shipping of the equipment due to inventory shortages, CNN previously reported according to two US officials. On Wednesday, the US announced a package of $375 million.

    The president previewed Zelensky’s visit to the White House a day beforehand, declaring on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly his administration was “determined to ensure that Ukraine has what it needs to prevail in fight for survival.”
    megaweb7.com
    “Tomorrow, I will announce a series of actions to accelerate support for Ukraine’s military – but we know Ukraine’s future victory is about more than what happens on the battlefield, it’s also about what Ukrainians do make the most of a free and independent future, which so many have sacrificed so much for,” he said.

  • Kommentar-Link DonaldOxism Sonntag, 06 April 2025 10:33 gepostet von DonaldOxism

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will meet US President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris in Washington on Thursday. Leon Neal/Getty Images
    CNN

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s visit to the White House on Thursday could be his final chance to convince a receptive American president of his country’s war aims.
    megaweb17.at
    The precise details of the “victory plan” Zelensky plans to present in separate meetings to President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris are unknown, having been closely held until they are presented to the American leaders.

    But according to people briefed on its broad contours, the plan reflects the Ukrainian leader’s urgent appeals for more immediate help countering Russia’s invasion. Zelensky is also poised to push for long-term security guarantees that could withstand changes in American leadership ahead of what is widely expected to be a close presidential election between Harris and former President Donald Trump.

    The plan, people familiar with it said, acts as Zelensky’s response to growing war weariness even among his staunchest of western allies. It will make the case that Ukraine can still win — and does not need to cede Russian-seized territory for the fighting to end — if enough assistance is rushed in.

    That includes again asking permission to fire Western provided long-range weapons deeper into Russian territory, a line Biden once was loathe to cross but which he’s recently appeared more open to as he has come under growing pressure to relent.

    Even if Biden decides to allow the long-range fires, it’s unclear whether the change in policy would be announced publicly.

    Biden is usually apt to take his time making decisions about providing Ukraine new capabilities. But with November’s election potentially portending a major change in American approach to the war if Trump were to win, Ukrainian officials — and many American ones — believe there is little time to waste.
    megaweb12.at
    https://megaweb-4at.com
    Trump has claimed he will be able to “settle” the war upon taking office and has suggested he’ll end US support for Kyiv’s war effort.

    “Those cities are gone, they’re gone, and we continue to give billions of dollars to a man who refused to make a deal, Zelensky. There was no deal that he could have made that wouldn’t have been better than the situation you have right now. You have a country that has been obliterated, not possible to be rebuilt,” Trump said during a campaign speech in Mint Hill, North Carolina, on Wednesday.

    Comments like those have lent new weight to Thursday’s Oval Office talks, according to American and European officials, who have described an imperative to surge assistance to Ukraine while Biden is still in office.

    As part of Zelensky’s visit, the US is expected to announce a major new security package, thought it will likely delay the shipping of the equipment due to inventory shortages, CNN previously reported according to two US officials. On Wednesday, the US announced a package of $375 million.

    The president previewed Zelensky’s visit to the White House a day beforehand, declaring on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly his administration was “determined to ensure that Ukraine has what it needs to prevail in fight for survival.”
    megaweb4.at
    “Tomorrow, I will announce a series of actions to accelerate support for Ukraine’s military – but we know Ukraine’s future victory is about more than what happens on the battlefield, it’s also about what Ukrainians do make the most of a free and independent future, which so many have sacrificed so much for,” he said.

  • Kommentar-Link KennethHaf Sonntag, 06 April 2025 10:22 gepostet von KennethHaf

    Challenging our perceptions of ‘perfection’
    traderjoexyz
    With health influencers raising the bar for success, the wellness space now often feels like a performative space where people strive to showcase peak physical and mental strength.

    While seeing others’ achievements can be motivating, it can also be discouraging if your progress doesn’t match theirs.

    Each person is chasing the perfect version of themselves — whether it’s a body or a lifestyle — which is dangerous because this is typically an impossible or dangerous version to achieve, Curran said. He added that this type of comparison creates a dangerous cycle in which people constantly feel dissatisfied with their own progress.

    “It’s a fantasy in many ways, and once you start chasing after it, you constantly find yourself embroiled in a sense of doubt and deficit,” he said.

    Curran also noted that wellness challenges can be particularly damaging for women who struggle with perfectionism, as they tend to be bombarded with impossible beauty standards and societal expectations.

    Renee McGregor, a UK-based dietitian who specializes in eating disorders and athlete performance, encourages people to approach wellness trends with curiosity and skepticism. That’s because some influencers and celebrities could be promoting products because there’s a financial benefit for them.

    “The thing to ask yourself about the person you’re taking advice from is what do they gain from it?” McGregor said. “If they are going to gain financially, then you know that they (could be willing) to sell you a lie.”
    Whether you want to try a new challenge or product that promises amazing results, McGregor suggests doing your research and seeking diverse perspectives, including consulting with doctors when possible.

  • Kommentar-Link WilliamShurb Sonntag, 06 April 2025 09:32 gepostet von WilliamShurb

    New design revealed for Airbus hydrogen plane
    renzo protocol

    In travel news this week: Bhutan’s spectacular new airport, the world’s first 3D-printed train station has been built in Japan, plus new designs for Airbus’ zero-emission aircraft and France’s next-generation high-speed trains.

    Grand designs
    European aerospace giant Airbus has revealed a new design for its upcoming fully electric, hydrogen-powered ZEROe aircraft. powered by hydrogen fuel cells.

    The single-aisle plane now has four engines, rather than six, each powered by their own fuel cell stack.

    The reworked design comes after the news that the ZEROe will be in our skies later than Airbus hoped.

    The plan was to launch a zero-emission aircraft by 2035, but now the next-generation single-aisle aircraft is slated to enter service in the second half of the 2030s.

    Over in Asia, the Himalayan country of Bhutan is building a gloriously Zen-like new airport befitting a nation with its very own happiness index.

    Gelephu International is designed to serve a brand new “mindfulness city,” planned for southern Bhutan, near its border with India.

    In rail travel, Japan has just built the world’s first 3D-printed train station, which took just two and a half hours to construct, according to The Japan Times. That’s even shorter than the whizzy six hours it was projected to take.

    France’s high-speed TGV rail service has revealed its next generation of trains, which will be capable of reaching speeds of up to 320 kilometers an hour (nearly 200 mph).

    The stylish interiors have been causing a stir online, as has the double-decker dining car.

    Finally, work is underway in London on turning a mile-long series of secret World War II tunnels under a tube station into a major new tourist attraction. CNN took a look inside.

  • Kommentar-Link Jamestor Sonntag, 06 April 2025 09:19 gepostet von Jamestor

    Wellness perfectionism doesn’t exist. Focus on these sustainable habits
    sushiswap exchange
    ou’re scrolling through your phone when you stumble upon the next viral trend: an influencer claiming that following their incredibly strict diet will help you achieve their jaw-dropping physique. Or you see a fresh-faced runner swearing you can run a marathon without any training — just like they did.

    Whether or not you’re actively searching for wellness advice, it’s nearly impossible to avoid hearing about the latest health craze making bold guarantees of transformation.

    As you wonder if these claims hold any truth, you might also question why people often feel motivated to dive into intense challenges — when seemingly simple habits, such as getting enough sleep or eating more vegetables, often feel much harder to tackle.

    Many of us are drawn to these extreme challenges because we’re craving radical change, hoping it will help prove something to ourselves or to others, experts say.

    “We always see these kinds of challenges as opportunities for growth, particularly if we’re in a phase of our life where we’ve let ourselves go,” said Dr. Thomas Curran, associate professor of psychology at the London School of Economics and Political Science and an expert on perfectionism. “Maybe we feel that we need to be healthier, or we just had a breakup or (major) life event.”
    With social media amplifying these movements, it’s easy to see why people are increasingly drawn to the idea of achieving the “perfect” version of themselves. But before jumping into a new wellness challenge, it’s important to take a moment, reflect on your goals, and consider where you’re starting from.

  • Kommentar-Link Michaelmam Sonntag, 06 April 2025 09:05 gepostet von Michaelmam

    Guatemala has pledged a 40% increase in deportation flights carrying Guatemalans and migrants of other nationalities from the United States, President Bernardo Arevalo announced Wednesday during a press conference with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
    kra40.cc
    Guatemala has also agreed to create a task force for border control and protection along the country’s eastern borders. The force, composed of members of the National Police and army, will be tasked with fighting “all forms of transnational crime,” Arevalo said.
    кракен официальный сайт
    Foreign nationals who arrive in Guatemala through deportation flights will be repatriated to their home countries, Arevalo said, adding that the US and Guatemala would continue to have talks on how the process would work and how the US would cooperate.
    kra31.at
    Arevalo also said that Rubio has voiced his support for developing infrastructure projects in the Central American nation. He added that his government would send a delegation to Washington in the coming weeks to negotiate deals for economic investments in Guatemala – which he said would incentivize Guatemalans to stay in their home country and not migrate to the US.

    Arevalo said Guatemala has not had any discussions about receiving criminals from the US as El Salvador’s president has offered. He also insisted his country has not reached a “safe third country” agreement with the United States, which would require migrants who pass through Guatemala to apply for asylum there rather than continuing to the US.
    kra48 cc
    https://kra-33-cc.ru

  • Kommentar-Link Rogerhic Sonntag, 06 April 2025 09:05 gepostet von Rogerhic

    Siham Haleem, a private tour guide for 15 years, says that Doha now has many world-class, modern museums — the National Museum of Qatar being a firm personal favorite. And yet he says that visiting Sheikh Faisal’s museum should still be on everybody’s to-do list.
    simpleswap
    “For those eager to learn about Qatar’s — and the region’s — heritage and beyond, the museum is an ideal destination,” he says. “Personally, I’m captivated by the car collection, the fossils, and especially the Syrian house, painstakingly transported and reassembled piece by piece.”

    Stephanie Y. Martinez, a Mexican-American student mobility manager at Texas A&M University in Qatar likes the museum so much she includes it on all of her itineraries for students visiting from the main campus in Texas.

    “The guided tours are very detailed, and the collections found at the museum have great variety and so many stories to unfold,” she says. “Truly, the museum has something to pique everyone’s interest. My favorites are the cars and the furniture exhibits showcasing wood and mother-of-pearl details. Definitely one of my favorite museums in Qatar, every time I visit I learn something new.”

    Raynor Abreu, from India, also had praise for the unusual and immense collection.

    “Each item has its own story, making the visit even more interesting,” he says. “It’s also impressive to know that Sheikh Faisal started collecting these unique pieces when he was very young. Knowing this makes the museum even more special, as it reflects his lifelong passion for history and culture.”

    It takes time and dedication to truly examine the many collections within the museum — especially since most of them are simply on display without explanation.

    Eclectic it may be, but it’s hard to fault the determination of Sheikh Faisal, who has brought together items that tell the story of Qatar and the Middle East.

    Sarah Bayley, from the UK, says she visited the museum recently with her family, including 16 and 19-year-old teenagers, and was won over by its sheer eccentricity.

    “Amazing. Loved it. It is a crazy place.”

  • Kommentar-Link RodgerGroob Sonntag, 06 April 2025 08:54 gepostet von RodgerGroob

    Remote and rugged
    eigenlayer
    A more organic way to see this coast is by the multi-day coastal ferry, the long-running Sarfaq Ittuk, of the Arctic Umiaq Line. It’s less corporate than the modern cruise ships and travelers get to meet Inuit commuters. Greenland is pricey. Lettuce in a local community store might cost $10, but this coastal voyage won’t break the bank.

    The hot ticket currently for exploring Greenland’s wilder side is to head to the east coast facing Europe. It’s raw and sees far fewer tourists, with a harshly dramatic coastline of fjords where icebergs drift south. There are no roads and the scattered population of just over 3,500 people inhabit a coastline roughly the distance from New York to Denver.

    A growing number of small expedition vessels probe this remote coast for its frosted scenery and wildlife. Increasingly popular is the world’s largest fjord system of Scoresby Sound with its sharp-fanged mountains and hanging valleys choked by glaciers. Sailing north is the prosaically named North East Greenland National Park, fabulous for spotting wildlife on the tundra.

    Travelers come to see polar bears which, during the northern hemisphere’s summer, move closer to land as the sea-ice melts. There are also musk oxen, great flocks of migrating geese, Arctic foxes and walrus.
    Some of these animals are fair game for the local communities. Perhaps Greenland’s most interesting cultural visit is to a village that will take longer to learn how to pronounce than actually walk around — Ittoqqortoormiit. Five hundred miles north of its neighboring settlement, the 345 locals are frozen in for nine months of the year. Ships sail in to meet them during the brief summer melt between June and August.

    Locked in by ice, they’ve retained traditional habits.

    “My parents hunt nearly all their food,” said Mette Barselajsen, who owns Ittoqqortoormiit’s only guesthouse. “They prefer the old ways, burying it in the ground to ferment and preserve it. Just one muskox can bring 440 pounds of meat.”

  • Kommentar-Link ChesterIgnop Sonntag, 06 April 2025 08:45 gepostet von ChesterIgnop

    Curiosity has maintained pristine pieces of the Cumberland sample in a “doggy bag” so that the team could have the rover revisit it later, even miles away from the site where it was collected. The team developed and tested innovative methods in its lab on Earth before sending messages to the rover to try experiments on the sample.
    changelly
    In a quest to see whether amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, existed in the sample, the team instructed the rover to heat up the sample twice within SAM’s oven. When it measured the mass of the molecules released during heating, there weren’t any amino acids, but they found something entirely unexpected.

    An intriguing detection
    The team was surprised to detect small amounts of decane, undecane and dodecane, so it had to conduct a reverse experiment on Earth to determine whether these organic compounds were the remnants of the fatty acids undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid and tridecanoic acid, respectively.

    The scientists mixed undecanoic acid into a clay similar to what exists on Mars and heated it up in a way that mimicked conditions within SAM’s oven. The undecanoic acid released decane, just like what Curiosity detected.

    Each fatty acid remnant detected by Curiosity was made with a long chain of 11 to 13 carbon atoms. Previous molecules detected on Mars were smaller, meaning their atomic weight was less than the molecules found in the new study, and simpler.
    “It’s notable that non-biological processes typically make shorter fatty acids, with less than 12 carbons,” said study coauthor Dr. Amy Williams, associate professor of geology at the University of Florida and assistant director of the Astraeus Space Institute, in an email. “Larger and more complex molecules are likely what are required for an origin of life, if it ever occurred on Mars.”

Schreibe einen Kommentar

Make sure you enter all the required information, indicated by an asterisk (*). HTML code is not allowed.

Diese Website verwendet Cookies – nähere Informationen dazu und zu Ihren Rechten als Benutzer finden Sie in unserer Datenschutzerklärung im Impressum der Seite. Mit einem Klick auf OK stimmen Sie der Verwendung von Cookies zu.